1px = 5 Million Years

14 Billion BC - Universe forms

9 Billion BC - Milky Way galaxy forms

4.5 Billion BC - Earth forms

3.7 Billion BC - First life on Earth

2.4 Billion BC - Increase in atmospheric oxygen leads to multicellular life

500 Million BC - Cambrian Explosion, complex life forms, including most modern animals

1px = 500,000 Years

250 Million BC - Beginning of Triassic Period, Earth is a single land mass and dinosaurs begin to evolve

200 Million BC - Beginning of Jurassic Period, single land mass splits into two continents

150 Million BC - Beginning of Cretaceous Period, more continents split

66 Million BC - Beginning of Cenozoic Era, K-Pg exctinction event kills 3/4 of life on earth. Shortly after, first primates appear.

1px = 10,000 Years

3.3 Million BC - Beginning of Stone Age & Prehistory

2.8 Million BC - Evidence of earliest known humans, Homo habilis, with use of simple stone tools.

1.8 Million BC - Evidence of Homo Erectus, first humans to travel outside Africa and likely first humans to use fire.

1px = 1,000 Years

400,000 BC - Neanderthals evolved, which share a common ancestor with modern humans.

300,000 BC - Homo Sapien, or modern humans, evolved.

1px = 100 Years

20,000 BC - Earliest evidence humans may have reached North America via coastal migration.

13,000 BC - Evidence humans enter North America via the Bering Land Bridge.

9,000 BC - Proto-city settlement of Jericho is founded in modern-day West Bank.

7,500 BC - Proto-city settlement of Çatalhöyük is founded in modern-day Turkey.

4,500 BC - Ancient Sumerian city of Uruk is founded in ancient Mesopotamia on the Euphrates River in modern-day Iraq.

1px = 10 Years

3,300 BC - Beginning of the Bronze Age.

3,150 BC - Ancient Egypt is founded.

3,100 BC - Pictographs, an early form of writing, is developed in Sumer.

3,000 BC - Writing developed in Sumer and Egypt, beginning of Ancient History. City of Damascus is founded in modern-day Syria.

2,550 BC - Pyramids of Giza are built in Ancient Egypt.

2,334 BC - The Akkadian Empire is founded and rules Ancient Mesopotamia.

2,300 BC - City of Babylon is founded along the Euphrates River.

2,154 BC - The Akkadian Empire collapses.

2,100 BC - The Epic of Gilgamesh is written.

2,070 BC - Yu the Great founds the Xia Dynasty, beginning of dynasties period in China.

2,025 BC - The Assyrian Empire is founded and rules Ancient Mesopotamia.

1,200 BC - Bronze Age Collapse & Beginning of Iron Age.

776 BC - First Olympic Games in Ancient Greece. Beginning of Classical Antiquity.

753 BC - Legendary founding of the city of Rome by Romulus.

1px = 1 Year

660 BC - Legendary Emperor Jimmu rules Japan, beginning of Imperial Dynasty in Japan, continues today as the oldest continuous hereditary monarchy in the world.

626 BC - Founding of Neo-Babylonian Empire and end of Assyrian rule.

550 BC - End of Iron Age & Founding of Persian Empire by Cyrus the Great.

539 BC - Cyrus the Great conquers the Neo-Babylonian Empire.

529 BC - Death of Cyrus the Great.

525 BC - Cambyses II of Persia conquers Egypt.

512 BC - Darius the Great of Persia conquers Thrace, Macedonia, and Libya.

509 BC - Founding of the Roman Republic.

508 BC - Democracy instituted at Athens.

499 BC - Clashes between Greek city-states and Persian Empire increase. Beginning of Greco-Persian Wars.

490 BC - Greek city-states defeat first Persian invasion, lead by Darius the Great, at Battle of Marathon.

480 BC - Xerxes the Great launches second Persian invasion of Greece. Persian advance is blocked at Thermopylae by a small force under King Leonidas I of Sparta.

449 BC - End of Greco-Persian Wars.

336 BC - Wars of Alexander the Great begin.

331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III to end the Persian Empire. City of Alexandria is founded in Egypt.

323 BC - Death of Alexander the Great at Babylon.

221 BC - Beginning of the Qin Dynasty in China and construction of the Great Wall.

71 BC - Death of Spartacus, end of the Third Servile War in the Roman Republic.

59 BC - Julias Cesar is elected Consul of Rome, the highest elected office.

51 BC - Queen Celopatra rules Egypt.

44 BC - Julius Caesar is appointed Dictator for life. One month later he is murdered by Marcus Brutus.

27 BC - End of Roman Republic, formation of Roman Empire.

4 BC - Widely accepted date for birth of Jesus Christ.

30 AD - Crucifixion of Jesus Christ.

79 AD - Destruction of Pompeii by the volcano Vesuvius.

285 AD - Roman Empire splits into Byzantine and Western Empires.

330 AD - Constantinople becomes the capital of the Byzantine Empire.

376 AD - Great Migration begins, non-Romans flee the Huns west, beginning of decline of Western Roman Empire.

434 AD - Attila the Hun rises to power, begins frequent raids into Byzantine Empire.

476 AD - End of Western Roman Empire, Classical Antiquity, and Ancient History, beginning of Middle Ages.

570 AD - Muhammad, founder of Islam, is born in Mecca.

632 AD - Death of Muhammad, all of Arabia is under the religion of Islam.

636 AD - Muslims conquer Jerusalem from the Byzantine Empire, which they will hold until the first Crusade.

768 AD - Beginning of Charlemagne's reign as King of the Franks.

800 AD - Charlemagne is crowned Emperor of the new Holy Roman Empire by Pope Leo III.

814 AD - Death of Charlemagne.

1095 AD - Pope Urban issues the Crusades to capture the Holy Land.

1099 AD - First Crusade, Jerusalem is re-taken from the Muslims.

1117 AD - Teaching begins at the University of Oxford in England.

1118 AD - The Knights Templar are founded to protect Jerusalem and European pilgrims.

1189 AD - The Third Crusade follows upon Muslims recapturing Jerusalem.

1192 AD - Emperor of Japan declares first Shogun, beginning of Shogunate military dictatorship and the Age of the Samurai in Japan.

1204 AD - Sack of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade.

1206 AD - Genghis Khan elected Khagan of the new Mongol Empire.

1209 AD - Teaching begins at the Univserity of Cambridge in England.

1227 AD - Genghis Khan dies.

1272 AD - The Ninth Crusade occurs, last significant crusading effort.

1279 AD - Yuan Dynasty established in China by the Mongols and ruled by Kublai Khan.

1291 AD - Fall of the Crusader States, end of the Crusades.

1299 AD - The Ottoman Empire is founded by Osman I.

1307 AD - The Knights Templar are rounded up and murdered with the backing of the Pope.

1310 AD - Dante publishes his Divine Comedy.

1328 AD - The First War of Scottish Independence.

1337 AD - The Hundred Years' War begins between England and France.

1347 AD - The Black Death ravages Europe killing 50% of the population.

1368 AD - Ming Dynasty founded and captured Mongol capital, end of Mongol Empire.

1453 AD - Constantinople falls to the Ottoman Turks, end of the Byzantine Empire.

1492 AD - Christopher Columbus reaches the New World.

1497 AD - King Henry VII sends an expedition across the Atlantic, start of the British Empire.

1500 AD - End of Middle Ages, beginning of Modern Age.

1506 AD - Leonardo da Vinci completes the Mona Lisa.

1512 AD - Michelangelo paints the Sistine Chapel ceiling.

1519 AD - Hernán Cortés leads the Spanish conquest of Mexico.

1540 AD - Founding of the Jesuits Catholic religious order with the approval of Pope Paul III.

1600 AD - The British East India Company is established to facilitate trade in India, eventually accounting for half of the world's trade during the mid-1700s and early 1800s.

1602 AD - The Dutch East India Company is established as the first major multinational corporation, dominating trade in Asia throughout the 1600s.

1605 AD - The Gunpowder Plot in England fails

1607 AD - Jamestown, Virginia is settled as first permanent English colony in North America.

1644 AD - Beginning of the Qing Dynasty, last imperial dynasty in China.

1652 AD - Cape Town founded by the Dutch East India Company in South Africa.

1692 AD - Salem witch trials are held in Massachusetts.

1718 AD - The city of New Orleans is founded by the French in North America.

1740 AD - Famine in Ireland kills 10% of the population.

1760 AD - Industrial Revolution begins.

1770 AD - Boston Massacre, British soldiers fire on crowd of American colonists, killing five and escalating tensions.

1773 AD - Boston Tea Party, American colonists throw chests of tea belonging to the British East India Company into the ocean to protest the Tea Act.

1776 AD - Declaration of Independence adopted, beginning of American Revolutionary War.

1781 AD - British defeated at Battle of Yorktown, turning point in the war.

1783 AD - British surrender, end of American Revolutionary War, US gains independence.

1789 AD - George Washington elected first US President. Beginning of the French Revolution.

1792 AD - Monarchy replaced by the First Republic in France.

1799 AD - Dutch East India Company declares bankruptcy.

1803 AD - Beginning of Napoleonic Wars in Europe.

1804 AD - World population reaches 1 Billion. First Republic replaced by First Empire in France ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte.

1806 AD - Holy Roman Empire dissolved after Napoleon defeated the Russo-Austrian army at Austerlitz.

1812 AD - War of 1812 between United States and Britain.

1815 AD - Napoleon defeated at Battle of Waterloo, end of Napoleonic Wars.

1837 AD - Queen Victoria's reigns, considered the apex of the British Empire.

1840 AD - End of the Industrial Revolution.

1846 AD - Mexican–American War leads to Mexico's cession of modern-day Southwest US.

1848 AD - The Communist Manifesto published.

1853 AD - Perry Expedition opens Japan to Western trade and diplomacy.

1859 AD - Charles Darwin publishes On the Origin of Species.

1861 AD - American Civil War between the Union and seceding Confederacy.

1863 AD - President Abraham Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation.

1865 AD - End of US Civil War, assassination of Lincoln, beginning of American Old West.

1868 AD - End of Shogunate in Japan, beginning of Meiji Restoration, Imperial Japan, rapid modernization with supreme power restored to Emperors.

1870 AD - Second Industrial Revolution begins.

1872 AD - First National Park, Yellowstone, is created in US.

1874 AD - British East India Company is dissolved.

1890 AD - Wounded Knee Massacre, end of American Indian Wars and American Old West.

1894 AD - First Sino-Japanese War, Japan takes Taiwan.

1904 AD - Russo-Japanese War, Japan gains influence in Manchuria & Korea.

1905 AD - Albert Einstein forms theory of special relativity.

1908 AD - The Ford Motor Company invents the Model T.

1912 AD - Republic of China forms, end of dynasties. Wreck of the Titanic.

1914 AD - Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand triggers start of World War I.

1917 AD - Russian Revolution ends the Russian Empire, beginning of Russian Civil War.

1918 AD - Central Powers defeated, end of World War I.

1921 AD - Adolf Hitler becomes Führer of the Nazi Party, beginning rise to power in Germany.

1922 AD - Monarchy abolished, end of Ottoman Empire. End of Russian Civil War and formation of Soviet Union.

1924 AD - Death of Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin rises to power in the Soviet Union.

1925 AD - Benito Mussolini delivers speech, beginning his dictatorship in Italy.

1927 AD - World population reaches 2 Billion. Chinese Civil War begins.

1933 AD - Adolf Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany.

1937 AD - Second Sino-Japanese War and the Nanjing Massacre.

1940 AD - Nazis invade Europe, beginning of War War II.

1941 AD - Attack on Pearl Harbor, leads to US joining World War II.

1944 AD - D-Day landings in Normandy.

1945 AD - Execution of Mussolini, suicide of Hitler, & atomic bombing of Japan ends World War II. United Nations formed.

1947 AD - Beginning of the Cold War between USA and Soviet Union. Occupied Japan adopts new Constitution, official end of Imperial Japan.

1948 AD - Creation of State of Israel and subsequent War of Independence.

1949 AD - China Communist Party wins Civil War and controls mainland China. Soviet Union develops the atomic bomb.

1955 AD - Beginning of the Space Race.

1962 AD - The Cuban Missile Crisis nearly causes nuclear war.

1963 AD - Martin Luther King Jr. delivers "I Have a Dream" speech.

1968 AD - The Troubles begin in Northern Ireland. Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty is signed by all five nuclear powers.

1969 AD - US moon landing, end of the space race.

1974 AD - World population reaches 4 Billion.

1984 AD - Apple releases the Macintosh, personal computers become more widely available.

1986 AD - Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster.

1989 AD - Fall of the Berlin Wall, end of the Cold War.

1990 AD - Tim Berners-Lee develops the World Wide Web at CERN, beginning of the Internet.

1991 AD - Dissolution of the Soviet Union.

1997 AD - Handover of Hong Kong to China, end of the British Empire.

1998 AD - The Good Friday Agreement ends The Troubles in Northern Ireland.

1999 AD - World population reaches 6 Billion.

2001 AD - Terrorists attack the World Trade Center & US Pentagon.

2007 AD - Apple releases the iPhone, beginning of modern smartphones.

2019 AD - Covid-19 pandemic.

2022 AD - World population reaches 8 Billion.